what is human rhinovirus/enterovirus

jangame

3 min read

·

08-10-2024

53

0

Share

Unraveling the Common Cold: What are Human Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses?

The common cold, a familiar foe to most, is often caused by a group of viruses known as rhinoviruses and enteroviruses. While both are responsible for respiratory illnesses, they differ in their characteristics, transmission, and impact. Understanding these differences is crucial for preventing and managing cold symptoms.

What are Human Rhinoviruses?

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the most common cause of the common cold, accounting for 30-50% of cases. These viruses belong to the Picornaviridae family and are further classified into three species: HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C.

How are HRVs transmitted?

HRVs spread through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land on surfaces, where the virus can survive for several hours. You can become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching your nose, eyes, or mouth.

What are the symptoms of HRV infection?

Typical symptoms of HRV infection include:

• Runny nose
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Sneezing
• Stuffy nose
• Headache
• Body aches

How long do HRV infections last?

Most HRV infections resolve within a week, with symptoms typically peaking within 2-3 days. However, in some cases, symptoms can persist for up to 10 days.

Can you prevent HRV infection?

Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, covering coughs and sneezes, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals, can help prevent HRV infections.

What are Enteroviruses?

Enteroviruses, also members of the Picornaviridae family, are a diverse group of viruses that can cause a wide range of illnesses, including the common cold. These viruses are particularly known for causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), but they can also lead to respiratory infections, meningitis, and paralysis.

How are enteroviruses transmitted?

Enteroviruses are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. This means that the virus is shed in the feces of infected individuals and can spread through contaminated food, water, or surfaces. The virus can also spread through respiratory droplets.

What are the symptoms of enterovirus infection?

Symptoms of enterovirus infection vary depending on the specific virus and the affected organs. However, some common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Cough
• Rash
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headache

How long do enterovirus infections last?

Enterovirus infections typically last for a week or two. However, some infections can lead to complications and require medical attention.

Can you prevent enterovirus infection?

Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and proper food preparation, is essential to prevent enterovirus infections. Vaccinations are available for some specific enteroviruses, such as poliovirus.

Key Differences Between HRVs and Enteroviruses

Added Value: Beyond the Basics

While both rhinoviruses and enteroviruses can cause the common cold, the severity of illness and the complications that can arise can vary depending on the specific virus. Additionally, research is ongoing to better understand the interplay between these viruses and other factors, such as individual susceptibility and environmental conditions, that contribute to the development and spread of these infections.

Sources:

• Rhinoviruses:
  • "Human rhinovirus" (2023). In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563444/
• Enteroviruses:
  • "Enterovirus" (2023). In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562291/

Note: This article provides general information and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options.