bordetella bronchiseptica in humans

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12-10-2024

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Bordetella bronchiseptica: A Look Beyond the Canine Cough

Bordetella bronchiseptica, a gram-negative bacterium, is most commonly known as a culprit in canine kennel cough. However, this bacterium can also infect humans, causing a range of symptoms from mild respiratory infections to more severe conditions, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. This article explores the role of B. bronchiseptica in human infections, its transmission, symptoms, and treatment options.

What is Bordetella bronchiseptica?

B. bronchiseptica is a highly contagious bacterium that typically infects the respiratory tract of animals, primarily dogs and cats. While it is not a primary human pathogen, it can infect humans, especially those with weakened immune systems, young children, and the elderly.

How is B. bronchiseptica transmitted to humans?

Transmission of B. bronchiseptica to humans usually occurs through direct contact with infected animals, particularly through respiratory droplets released during coughing, sneezing, or licking. [1] While rare, human-to-human transmission is possible, primarily through close contact with an infected individual.

What are the symptoms of B. bronchiseptica infection in humans?

The symptoms of B. bronchiseptica infection in humans can vary depending on the individual's overall health and immune status. In healthy individuals, the infection may manifest as a mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) characterized by:

• Cough: This is the most common symptom, often described as a "barking" cough, similar to kennel cough in dogs.
• Runny nose: Clear, white, or yellow mucus can drain from the nose.
• Sore throat: A scratchy or painful feeling in the throat.
• Fever: A low-grade fever may occur.

However, in individuals with weakened immune systems, B. bronchiseptica can lead to more severe infections like:

• Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to increased mucus production and coughing.
• Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs, causing shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever.
• Tracheitis: Inflammation of the trachea, causing a barking cough and difficulty breathing.

How is B. bronchiseptica infection diagnosed in humans?

Diagnosis of B. bronchiseptica infection in humans typically involves taking a nasal or throat swab, which is then analyzed for the presence of the bacterium. [2] However, as the bacterium is not always the primary cause of respiratory infections, a thorough medical evaluation and consideration of other possible pathogens is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Treatment for B. bronchiseptica infection in humans

Treatment for B. bronchiseptica infection in humans usually involves supportive care, including:

• Rest: Allowing the body to fight off the infection.
• Fluids: Staying hydrated is essential for symptom relief.
• Over-the-counter medications: Pain relievers and cough suppressants can alleviate discomfort.

In more severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed, particularly for individuals with weakened immune systems or those experiencing complications like pneumonia.

Prevention

Preventing B. bronchiseptica infection involves minimizing exposure to infected animals. This can be achieved by:

• Good hygiene: Frequent handwashing, especially after contact with animals, is crucial.
• Vaccination: While not a routine vaccination for humans, vaccination for kennel cough in dogs can help prevent transmission to humans.
• Avoidance of close contact: Limiting close contact with animals that exhibit respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common bacterial pathogen in animals, particularly dogs, but it can also infect humans. While most cases in humans are mild, those with weakened immune systems or other health conditions may experience more severe complications. [3] Proper hygiene practices, vaccination for pets, and prompt medical attention are essential for preventing and managing B. bronchiseptica infections in humans.

References

[1] "Bordetella bronchiseptica and its significance in human and animal infections" by R.A. Sachdev, A.R. Saenz, J.F. Prescott (2007) ScienceDirect

[2] "Bordetella Infections in Humans" by R.A. Sachdev, A.R. Saenz, J.F. Prescott (2007) ScienceDirect

[3] "Bordetella bronchiseptica in humans: An emerging infectious threat?" by J.F. Prescott, R.A. Sachdev (2007) ScienceDirect